Psych 101 offers engaging articles that explore the concepts, theories and practices of classic and contemporary psychology. Whether you are a student, a teacher or just curious, we hope you will enjoy reading our works.

Understanding HARKing: Risks, Ethics, and the Pursuit of Scientific Integrity
Explore the concept of HARKing (Hypothesizing After Results are Known), its ethical implications, consequences for scientific integrity, and effective solutions to address this problematic research practice.

Confirmation Bias: Why We Find What We’re Looking For
We trace the scientific origins, dissect the cognitive and neural mechanisms that sustain confirmation bias, survey real-world consequences in a digital age, and examine the latest evidence on how (and how not) to debias ourselves.

What are Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development?
Explore Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development in this comprehensive guide. Understand how children's thinking evolves and its impact on learning and education.

Levelling the Playing Field: How to Ethically Use AI as a Study Aid
Discover how students can ethically and effectively use AI tools like ChatGPT to improve study habits, boost productivity, and overcome academic challenges, without crossing the line into plagiarism or misuse.

‘One Thing or Your Mother’ - Understanding the Oedipal Complex
Explore Freud's Oedipal complex in-depth, from its mythological origins and theoretical foundations to modern criticisms and perspectives. Understand how this controversial psychoanalytic theory impacts psychology, culture, and family dynamics today.

Illuminating the Unconscious: A Guide to Jungian Archetypes
Explore the transformative power of Jungian archetypes in this in-depth guide. Learn about Carl Jung’s collective unconscious, key archetypes like the Shadow, Anima, and Hero, and how these timeless symbols influence psychology, dreams, myths, and personal growth.

What Is Global Psychology?
Explore global psychology (international psychology): its definition, historical roots, key areas like cross-cultural research and mental health, challenges, and future directions in understanding human behaviour worldwide.

Social Identity Theory: Understanding the Psychology of Group Dynamics
Explore Social Identity Theory. Understand how group dynamics shape identity, behaviour, and prejudice. A clear, research-based guide for curious minds.

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory: Understanding Job Satisfaction and Motivation
Understand Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory (Motivation-Hygiene Theory) and its impact on job satisfaction and motivation. Learn about hygiene factors, motivators, practical applications, and criticisms of this key workplace psychology concept.

Exploring Human Behaviour in Organizational Psychology: Insights and Applications
Explore insights into human behaviour and organizational psychology, uncovering theories, practical applications, and contemporary challenges shaping effective workplaces and employee well-being.

Is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Outdated? A Contemporary Re-evaluation
Discover a critical, contemporary analysis of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Explore its relevance today, key criticisms, cultural limitations, and modern alternatives like Self-Determination Theory and ERG Theory. Ideal for psychology, education, and business professionals.

Neurasthenia: The Rise and Fall of “Nervous Exhaustion”
Explore the rise and fall of neurasthenia, a 19th-century diagnosis of 'nervous exhaustion.' Learn how it shaped modern views on anxiety, fatigue, and mental health.

Criticism of Harlow’s Rhesus Monkey Experiments (1958)
Explore the ethical debates and methodological criticisms of Harlow’s 1958 Rhesus Monkey experiments, and discover their profound impact on psychology.

Freud and FOMO: Why He Obsessively Collected Antiquities and What That Says About His Psyche
Sigmund Freud’s obsession with collecting antiquities reveals deeper insights into his psyche, unconscious drives, and the origins of modern-day FOMO. Explore the psychological, historical, and symbolic meaning behind Freud’s personal museum.

A Practical Guide to APA Referencing (7th Edition)
Learn how to cite and format papers using APA 7th edition. This complete guide covers in-text citations, reference lists, formatting rules, examples, and common mistakes.

Maslow and Education: Fostering Holistic Development Through the Hierarchy of Needs
Explore how Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs can transform education by addressing students' basic and psychological needs. Learn practical strategies for fostering motivation, belonging, and self-actualization in today's classrooms.

Could the Little Albert Experiment Happen Today?
Could the infamous Little Albert experiment pass today's ethical standards? Explore how modern ethics reshape psychological research, balancing scientific discovery and human dignity.

What is Pareidolia? Why We See Faces in Clouds
Discover what pareidolia is and why we see faces in clouds and objects. Learn the science, psychology, and cultural meaning behind this fascinating pattern-recognition phenomenon.

What is the Theory of Constructed Emotion
Discover the Theory of Constructed Emotion, a ground-breaking perspective by Lisa Feldman Barrett that challenges traditional views on emotions. Learn how emotions are dynamically constructed by the brain, shaped by culture, language, and past experiences, and why emotional granularity is key to mental well-being.

What Is Learned Helplessness?
What is learned helplessness? Discover its origins, psychological impact, and real-world effects in education, work, and mental health. Learn strategies to overcome helplessness and regain control.