Unlocking Cognitive Skills Through Video Games
In recent years, the exploration of video games' potential to develop cognitive skills has garnered significant attention across various fields. Numerous studies indicate that playing video games can positively affect cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, abstract reasoning, and spatial logic. This article delves into the cognitive skills acquired from video games, highlighting their potential benefits and the nuanced findings from various research studies.
Enhancing Problem-Solving and Abstract Reasoning
Video games, especially those that require strategic planning and quick decision-making, have been shown to enhance problem-solving skills. Research by Suziedelyte (2015) emphasizes that players often engage in complex problem-solving tasks within games, which can translate into improved abstract reasoning and spatial logic abilities. These enhancements are particularly evident in action video games, where long-term exposure is linked to improvements in non-gaming cognitive tasks (Gobet et al., 2014).
Boosting Basic Mental Processes
Playing video games also positively influences basic mental processes such as decision-making, perception, memory, and attention. These skills are crucial for children's cognitive development and can aid in social growth while mitigating risks such as stress and depression (Wan et al., 2020). The interactive nature of video games demands constant attention and quick reflexes, fostering an environment where these basic mental processes can thrive.
Cognitive and Emotional Skills Training
Training with video games has shown significant improvements in various cognitive domains, including processing speed, memory, task switching, and mental spatial rotation (Pallavicini et al., 2018). Video games also enhance visuospatial working memory and fine motor skills, particularly benefiting individuals with conditions like ADHD (Ruiz-Manrique et al., 2015). Even brief exposure to commercial games has been found to improve perceptual skills, attention, and cognitive flexibility (Kazimoglu & Bacon, 2020).
Action Games and Cognitive Development
Action video games, in particular, have been linked to improvements in cognitive abilities that are essential for academic success (Novak, 2019). These games enhance visual processing, attention, spatial ability, and cognitive control (Sala et al., 2018). Such improvements are not just confined to the gaming environment but can transfer to real-life tasks, making video games valuable tools for cognitive skill development.
Beyond Cognitive Skills: Vision and Motor Skills
The impact of video games extends beyond cognitive skills to include improvements in vision-related abilities. This makes them particularly useful in fields like medicine and aviation, where precise visual skills are crucial (Malanowski, 2015). Additionally, video games have been utilized in medical education to enhance visuospatial skills necessary for learning surgical procedures (Öge et al., 2015).
The Theory of Specific Transfer of General Skills
According to the theory of specific transfer of general skills, well-designed video games can help players practice and hone cognitive skills within the game, which can then be applied to new contexts outside the game (Parong et al., 2020). This theory underscores the potential of video games as effective training tools for cognitive development.
Varying Perspectives on Video Game Benefits
While many studies support the cognitive benefits of video games, some meta-analytic investigations suggest that video game training may not significantly enhance cognitive abilities overall (Sala et al., 2018). The effects of gaming on cognitive and motor skills can vary, with some aspects showing improvement while others may not (Irmak et al., 2022). Individual differences and the specific characteristics of the games played play crucial roles in determining the impact on cognitive abilities (Choi & Lane, 2013).
Applications in Education, Healthcare, and Rehabilitation
The potential of video games to enhance cognitive skills has been explored in various contexts. In education, video games have been effective in developing academic skills among preschoolers, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations (Rojas-Barahona et al., 2022). In healthcare, interactive games have been used to reduce pain and anxiety in children undergoing medical procedures (Mohamed, 2023), showcasing their therapeutic potential.
Simply Put
The cognitive skills acquired from video games present a complex and nuanced picture. While there is substantial evidence supporting the positive impact of gaming on cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, memory, and attention, the effects can vary based on individual differences and the specific characteristics of the games played. Video games hold promise as tools for cognitive training and skill development across different populations and contexts. However, further research is essential to fully understand the mechanisms through which video games influence cognitive skills and to optimize their use for educational and therapeutic purposes.
References
Choi, H. and Lane, S. (2013). Impact of visuospatial characteristics of video games on improvements in cognitive abilities. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 57(1), 1735-1739. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213571387
Gobet, F., Johnston, S., Ferrufino, G., et al. (2014). “No level up!”: no effects of video game specialization and expertise on cognitive performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01337
Irmak, A., Çelikkalp, Ü., Aydın, G., & Yiğit, Ş. (2022). Comparison of reaction time, manual dexterity, and working memory levels of adolescent video game players and non-players. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 12(2), 493-498. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.990236
Kazimoglu, C. and Bacon, L. (2020). An analysis of a video game on cognitive abilities: a study to enhance psychomotor skills via game-play. IEEE Access, 8, 110495-110510. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001751
Libertus, M., Liu, A., Pikul, O., et al. (2017). The impact of action video game training on mathematical abilities in adults. Aera Open, 3(4), 233285841774085. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858417740857
Maden, Ç., Turhan, B., Sarı, E., & Bayramlar, K. (2022). Comparison of physical activity, dual-task performance, and cognitive skills between problematic video game players and control subjects. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31073
Malanowski, Ł. (2015). Video-games: a virtual training ground for visual skills – applications in medicine and aviation. The Polish Journal of Aviation Medicine and Psychology, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.13174/pjamp.21.01.2015.03
Mohamed, A. (2023). Review article about video games for hospitalized children. Menoufia Nursing Journal, 8(2), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.21608/menj.2023.311493
Novak, E. (2019). The development of an action video game characteristics instrument: an exploratory factor analysis. https://doi.org/10.3102/1432599
Pallavicini, F., Ferrari, A., & Mantovani, F. (2018). Video games for well-being: a systematic review on the application of computer games for cognitive and emotional training in the adult population. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02127
Parong, J., Wells, A., & Mayer, R. (2020). Replicated evidence towards a cognitive theory of game-based training. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(5), 922-937. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000413
Rojas-Barahona, C., Gaete, J., Véliz, M., Castillo, R., Ramírez, S., & Araya, R. (2022). The effectiveness of a tablet-based video game that stimulates cognitive, emotional, and social skills in developing academic skills among preschoolers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06875-9
Ruiz-Manrique, G., Tajima-Pozo, K., & Montañes-Rada, F. (2015). Case report: "ADHD trainer": the mobile application that enhances cognitive skills in ADHD patients. F1000research, 3, 283. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5689.2
Sala, G., Tatlidil, K., & Gobet, F. (2018). Video game training does not enhance cognitive ability: a comprehensive meta-analytic investigation. Psychological Bulletin, 144(2), 111-139. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000139
Suziedelyte, A. (2015). Media and human capital development: can video game playing make you smarter?. Economic Inquiry, 53(2), 1140-1155. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12197
Wan, A., Yang, F., Liu, S., & Feng, W. (2020). Research on the influence of video games on children’s growth in the era of new media. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200901.037
Öge, T., Borahay, M., Achjian, T., & Kılıç, S. (2015). Impact of current video game playing on robotic simulation skills among medical students. Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association, 16(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.5152/jtgga.2015.15188
