Explore the 7 universal emotions identified by Paul Ekman. Understand the cross-cultural significance of happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and contempt.

Discover Paul Ekman's revolutionary work on facial expressions and emotions. Learn how this influential psychologist shaped our understanding of human behavior.

Albert Bandura expanded Social Learning Theory into Social Cognitive Theory by introducing self-efficacy. our belief in our ability to succeed as a key driver of motivation, behavior, and performance across education, health, and beyond.

Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment raised early alarms about media violence, showing how children could imitate aggression just by watching. Discover how this sparked decades of research into the complex link between violent media and real-world behavior.

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory transformed psychology by showing that people, especially children, learn new behaviors simply by observing others—laying the foundation for modern views on role models, education, parenting, and media influence.

Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment revealed that children can imitate violent behavior simply by observing it, without direct reinforcement, forever changing how psychologists understand learning and the influence of role models.

Discover how Albert Bandura’s groundbreaking Bobo Doll Experiment revolutionized learning theory by proving that children can acquire behaviors simply by observing others—reshaping psychology, education, and media studies.

Learn how to perform a Chi-Squared test in psychology with this clear, step-by-step student guide. Understand assumptions, calculations, and how to report results in APA style.

Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson are two of the most influential figures in the field of psychology. While Erikson was a student of Freud's, he developed his own unique theory of human development. This guide will explore the key aspects of both theories and highlight their fundamental differences.

Explore the WEIRD bias in psychology—Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic populations—and learn how it skews global psychological research.

Explore the enduring influence of Sigmund Freud across psychology, culture, and media. From foundational theories like the id, ego, and unconscious mind to modern analyses of characters and Freud himself

Discover the pros and cons of Bayesian vs. frequentist statistics in psychology. Learn how each approach impacts study design, data interpretation, and research outcomes.

Top tools for psychology students: APA citation generators, study apps, podcasts, and free research resources to simplify essays, lab reports, and theses.

Learn how Erikson’s “Ego Integrity vs. Despair” stage in late adulthood shapes our reflections on life, legacy, and meaning. Discover how to age with wisdom and peace.

Discover how Erikson’s “Generativity vs. Stagnation” stage in middle adulthood shapes purpose, productivity, and the desire to leave a legacy. Learn what it means to contribute meaningfully.

Learn how Erikson’s “Intimacy vs. Isolation” stage shapes the capacity for deep relationships in young adulthood. Explore the emotional foundations of love, connection, and selfhood.

Discover how Erikson’s “Identity vs. Role Confusion” stage during adolescence shapes self-concept, purpose, and future direction. A vital stage in psychosocial development.

Learn how Erikson’s “Industry vs. Inferiority” stage (ages 6–12) shapes a child’s sense of competence, motivation, and self-worth through school, effort, and social comparison.

Explore Erikson’s third psychosocial stage, Initiative vs. Guilt. Learn how children aged 3–6 develop purpose, confidence, and morality through imagination, play, and social interaction.

Explore Erikson’s second stage of psychosocial development, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, and how toddlers develop confidence, independence, and self-control through everyday experiences.